Minimally invasive procedures are performed with the help of an endoscope and small surgical instruments which are passed through the small incisions, to access the spine and perform the surgery. An endoscope has a tiny video camera attached to its end, which illuminates and provides better visualization of the operating area.

Segmental, tubular retractors and dilators are used to dilate and retract the muscles and soft tissues to access the spine. After the procedure, the endoscope and the instruments are removed and the incisions are closed.